Chinese Medicine Plaster as A New Treatment for Surgical Site Infection in Patients with Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy of Chinese plaster containing rhubarb and mirabilite on surgical site infection (SSI) in patients with cesarean delivery (CD) by performing a randomized controlled trial.@*METHODS@#This randomized controlled trial included 560 patients with CD due to fetal head descent enrolled at a tertiary teaching center between December 31, 2018 and October 31, 2021. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to a Chinese medicine (CM) group (280 cases) or a placebo group (280 cases) by a random number table, and were treated with CM plaster (made by rhubarb and mirabilite) or a placebo plaster, respectively. Both courses of treatment lasted from the day 1 of CD, followed day 2 until discharge. The primary outcome was the total number of patients with superficial, deep and organ/space SSI. The secondary outcome was duration of postoperative hospital stay, antibiotic intake, and unplanned readmission or reoperation due to SSI. All reported efficacy and safety outcomes were confirmed by a central adjudication committee that was unaware of the study-group assignments.@*RESULTS@#During the recovery process after CD, the rates of localized swelling, redness and heat were significantly lower in the CM group than in the placebo group [7.55% (20/265) vs. 17.21% (47/274), P<0.01]. The durution of postoperative antibiotic intake was shorter in the CM group than in the placebo group (P<0.01). The duration of postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the CM group than in the placebo group (5.49 ± 2.68 days vs. 8.96 ± 2.35 days, P<0.01). The rate of postoperative C-reactive protein elevation (≽100 mg/L) was lower in the CM group than in the placebo group [27.6% (73/265) vs. 43.8% (120/274), P<0.01]. However, there was no difference in purulent drainage rate from incision and superficial opening of incision between the two groups. No intestinal reactions and skin allergies were found in the CM group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#CM plaster containing rhubarb and mirabilite had an effect on SSI. It is safe for mothers and imposes lower economic and mental burdens on patients undergoing CD. (Registration No. ChiCTR2100054626).

Effect of Morus alba extract sanggenon C on growth and proliferation of glioblastoma cells / 中国中药杂志

Glioblastoma is the most common primary cranial malignancy, and chemotherapy remains an important tool for its treatment. Sanggenon C(San C), a class of natural flavonoids extracted from Morus plants, is a potential antitumor herbal monomer. In this study, the effect of San C on the growth and proliferation of glioblastoma cells was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay and 5-bromodeoxyuridinc(BrdU) labeling assay. The effect of San C on the tumor cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry, and the effect of San C on clone formation and self-renewal ability of tumor cells was examined by soft agar assay. Western blot and bioinformatics analysis were used to investigate the mechanism of the antitumor activity of San C. In the presence of San C, the MTT assay showed that San C significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of tumor cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. BrdU labeling assay showed that San C significantly attenuated the DNA replication activity in the nucleus of tumor cells. Flow cytometry confirmed that San C blocked the cell cycle of tumor cells in G_0/G_1 phase. The soft agar clone formation assay revealed that San C significantly attenuated the clone formation and self-renewal ability of tumor cells. The gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) implied that San C inhibited the tumor cell division cycle by affecting the myelocytomatosis viral oncogene(MYC) signaling pathway. Western blot assay revealed that San C inhibited the expression of cyclin through the regulation of the MYC signaling pathway by lysine demethylase 4B(KDM4B), which ultimately inhibited the growth and proliferation of glioblastoma cells and self-renewal. In conclusion, San C exhibits the potential antitumor activity by targeting the KDM4B-MYC axis to inhibit glioblastoma cell growth, proliferation, and self-renewal.

Genomic epidemiology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from acute diarrheal patients in Shenzhen City from 2013 to 2021 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To characterize the prevalence and genomic epidemiology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from acute diarrheal patients in Shenzhen City from 2013 to 2021. Methods: Based on the Shenzhen Infectious Diarrhea Surveillance System, acute diarrheal patients were actively monitored in sentinel hospitals from 2013 to 2021. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates was performed, and the genomic population structure, serotypes, virulence genes and multilocus sequence typing were analyzed. Outbreak clusters from 2019 to 2021 were explored based on single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Results: A total of 48 623 acute diarrhea cases were monitored in 15 sentinel hospitals from 2013 to 2021, and 1 135 Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were isolated, with a positive isolation rate of 2.3%. Qualified whole-genome sequencing data of 852 isolates were obtained. Eighty-nine serotypes, 21 known ST types and 5 new ST types were identified by sequence analysis, and 93.2% of strains were detected with toxin profile of tdh+trh-. 8 clonal groups (CGs) were captured, with CG3 as the absolute predominance, followed by CG189. The CG3 group was dominated by O3:K6 serotype and ST3 sequence type, while CG189 group was mainly O4:KUT, O4:K8 serotypes and ST189a and ST189 type. A total of 13 clusters were identified, containing 154 cases. About 30 outbreak clusters with 29 outbreak clusters caused by CG3 strains from 2019 to 2021. Conclusion: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major pathogen of acute infectious diarrhea in Shenzhen City, with diverse population structures. CG3 and CG189 have been prevalent and predominant in Shenzhen City for a long time. Scattered outbreaks and persistent sources of contamination ignored by traditional methods could be captured by WGS analysis. Tracing the source of epidemic clone groups and taking precise prevention and control measures are expected to significantly reduce the burden of diarrhea diseases caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Shenzhen City.

Protective effect and related mechanism of tea saponin on Shigella infection / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To explore the protective effects and related mechanism of tea saponin (TS) on intestinal inflammation due to Shigella infection. Methods:In vitro, the antibacterial activity of TS was detected by standard broth microdilution method. The absorbance at 600 nm of the bacterial liquid was detected by Microplate Reader under different concentrations of TS, and the growth curve was drawn. Bacterial count was obtained by plate colony counting. In vivo, 15 mice were divided into 3 groups ( n=5 each): control group, Sf301 group and TS group. Sterile water or TS was applied to mice in the Sf301 group and the TS group per gavage once a day for 8 days, and the mouse model of Shigella infection was established on day 3. The disease activity index (DAI) was used to evaluate the general condition of mice. The mice were sacrificed on day 8. Colon length was measured and colon tissues were stained with HE to analyze the pathological changes. The cecal contents and feces of mice were taken for plate counting and Shigella load was obtained. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors. Results:(1) In vitro, the MIC of TS was 1 024 μg/ml. The plate counting and A600 of TS decreased in proportion to increasing concentrations (256, 512, 1 024 μg/ml) in comparison with the control group (all P<0.05). (2) In vivo, colon length was (7.70±0.24) cm in the control group and (7.35±0.41) cm in the TS group, which was significantly longer than that of the Sf301 group ([6.13±0.05] cm, P<0.05). Histopathological examination evidenced colonic epithelial cells shedding, decreased goblet cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon tissue of the Sf301 group. In the TS group, the colonic mucosa was intact without significant inflammatory cell infiltration. Bacterial load in cecal contents was significantly lower in the TS group than in the Sf301 group ( P<0.05). The level of tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly lower, and the level of interleukin-10 was significantly higher in the TS group than in the Sf301 group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:TS can effectively inhibit Shigella and alleviate Shigella infective enteritis by reducing Shigella load and inhibiting inflammation.

Effect of acupuncture on analgesia and sedation in elderly patients with severe pneumonia during invasive mechanical ventilation / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the analgesic and sedative effects of acupuncture in elderly patients with severe pneumonia during invasive mechanical ventilation.@*METHODS@#A total of 188 elderly patients with severe pneumonia were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 94 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with routine nursing and treatment of severe pneumonia such as invasive mechanical ventilation, analgesia and sedation. Based on these, the observation group was treated with acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6), Hegu (LI 4), Yintang (GV 29) and Baihui (GV 20), twice a day until the mechanical ventilation was offline. The critical care pain observation tool (CPOT) score and Richmond agitation-sedation score (RASS) were observed before treatment and 0.5 h after analgesia and sedation; the average time of reaching the standard, the reaching standard rate of shallow sedation and analgesia within 0.5 h and 72 h as well as the dosage of analgesic and sedative drugs and compilations were compared between the two groups. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO@*RESULTS@#At the time point of 0.5 h after treatment, the CPOT and RASS scores in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture has analgesic and sedative effect in elderly patients with severe pneumonia during invasive mechanical ventilation, which could reduce the dosage of sedative and analgesic drugs and the occurrence of complications, improve blood oxygen, and has good safety.

Effects of lentivirus-mediated DKC1 gene silence on radiosensitivity of human cervical cancer HeLa cells / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of decreasing DKC1 gene expression on radiosensitivity of HeLa cells.Methods:A cell model with low expression of DKC1 gene was established by shRNA technology with lentivirus as vector, and the interference efficiency was verified by RT-PCR and Western blot assay. Cells were divided into two groups of interference (Lv-shDKC1) and its negative control. Telomerase activity was detected by TRAP-ELISA, and telomere length was measured by Real-time PCR. Cell survival was obtained through clone formation assay and fitted by multi-target single-hit model, and radiobiological parameters ( D0, Dq, N, SF2) and radiosensitization ratio (SER) were calculated. Results:After DKC1 interfering, the expression levels of mRNA and protein of DKC1 in HeLa cells were significantly decreased by (71.330±4.112)% ( t=25.53, P<0.05) and (35.520±3.804)% ( t=4.833, P<0.05), respectively. Compared with the blank control group and negative control group, the telomerase activity of Lv-shDKC1 group decreased significantly from 0.900±0.044 and 0.897±0.031 to 0.713±0.021 ( F=31.44, P<0.05), the relative telomere length was significantly decreased from 4.233±0.306 and 4.633±0.379 to 2.667±0.404 ( F=39.15, P<0.05). The telomerase activity and relative telomere length of blank control group and Lv-shDKC1 negative control group had no significant difference( P>0.05). SF2 in the interference group (0.571±0.006) was significantly lower than that of the blank control group (0.861±0.009) and the Lv-shDKC1 negative control group (0.807±0.002) ( F=1812, P<0.05), and the radiosensitization ratio (SER) of shDKC1 interference was 1.508. Conclusions:Downregulation of DKC1 in human cervical cancer HeLa cells enhances the radiosensitivity through inhibiting the activity of telomerase and shortening the length of telomere. DKC1 gene may become a new target of radiosensitization.

Role of miRNA and lncRNA in animal fat deposition-a review / 生物工程学报

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a type of highly conserved nucleotide sequence composed of 18 to 25 nucleotides, which can specifically bind to the 3'-noncoding regions of mRNA, and then play a negative regulatory role in degrading mRNA or inhibiting translation. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of nucleotide sequence that exceeds 200 nucleotides in length and cannot encode proteins or can only encode protein peptides. It regulates gene expression at the levels of epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional. As an important energy storage organ, fat plays an important role in regulating the energy balance of animals, and is closely related to meat production traits such as meat production and meat quality. And the disorder of fat function can lead to hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes and a series of cardiovascular diseases, so the molecular regulation mechanism of animal fat deposition has attracted more attention. In recent years, more and more studies have found that miRNA and lncRNA play a crucial role in animal fat deposition. We review here the current research progresses in the role of miRNA and lncRNA in animal fat deposition, to provide theoretical guidance and new ideas for further revealing the molecular regulation mechanism of animal fat deposition.

An experimental study on endoscopic ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for porcine liver and pancreas / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided microwave ablation ( EUS-MWA ) for porcine liver and pancreas by assessing physiological state and pathological changes. Methods EUS-MWA was performed on liver and pancreas of 8 healthy pigs after general anesthesia. The needle size was 1. 9 mm in diameter, and the power of ablation was 65 W, 10 min on liver and 60 W, 5 min on pancreas. The levels of blood amylase and hepatic transaminase were examined before and after the operation. All pigs underwent CT scan on the right postoperative day to assess the extent of ablation and complications. Two pigs were killed 6 hours after operation and 2 others were killed 24 hours after operation to assess structural damage around the puncture path. The remaining 4 pigs were raised to 2 weeks after operation to observe diet, activities and mental state. The ablated areas of liver and pancreas underwent pathological analysis after dissection, and non-ablation regions were treated as the control. Results All 8 pigs underwent EUS-MWA and their vital signs were stable during the operation. Except for the difficulty in locating the pancreas in one case, other surgical procedures were smooth and 18 ablations were performed totally ( 10 in liver and 8 in pancreas) . CT scans showed quasi-circular low density lesions in the liver and pancreas, and the maximum diameter of the ablation area in liver and pancreas was 2. 8 ± 0. 3 cm, 1. 8±0. 2 cm respectively. There was no free intraperitoneal gas, ascites or pleural effusion. The level of blood amylase increased at 6 hours after operation and the peak value occurred within 12-24 hours. The level of hepatic transaminase had a mild elevation. The rearing group showed transient food refusal and activity reduction after the operation, but all returned to normal within 1-2 days. No fever, vomiting or other abnormalities occurred. Puncture path burn, adjacent organ damage and bleeding was not observed except for one case of gastric wall burns during pancreas ablation. Pathology showed massive coagulative necrosis and peripheral bleeding area in the liver ablation center, and diffuse focal necrosis in the tissue of the pancreatic ablation area. Conclusion EUS-MWA is safe and feasible for porcine liver and pancreas, which can be used for the treatment of human liver and pancreatic diseases in the future.

The Effect and Its Factors of Autonomy Learning and Its Influencing Factors on the Postgraduates for Professional Degree Education / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the effect and its factors of the postgraduates’ autonomy learning in medical English, and to suggest improving methods. Methods The postgraduates enrolled in Kunming Medical University in 2016 were divided into two groups. Those for professional degree education learnt Medical English by the approach of autonomy learning, while those for academic degree education were taught in traditional method. At the end of the semester,an examination was applied to measure and compare the learning effects in both groups, and questionnaires were conducted to investigate their attitudes and satisfaction. The results were evaluated by quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis.Results The postgraduates for professional degree education got lower examination scores than the postgraduates for academic degree education. Time management appeared to be the main problem. Conclusion Although the postgraduates highly regard the necessity of medical English learning and have great sense of learning responsibility, process supervision from the administration is suggested to assist their time management so that better learning effects can be achieved.

Construction of an eukaryotic expression plasmid for AY358935 gene / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct an eukaryotic expression plasmid for AY358935 gene and explore its function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>cDNA of the AY358935 gene was amplified by reverse transcription-PCR and cloned into pGEM-Teasy. The pGEM-T-AY was validated by sequencing and served as a template for the construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid. The pcDNA3.1-AY recombinant was validated by double enzyme digestion and used for transient transfection of M14 cells. Expression of the AY358935 protein and proliferation of the M14 cells were determined respectively by Western blotting and 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) colorimetry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The amplicons of RT-PCR were confirmed to have similar size with the cDNA fragment of the AY358935 gene as well as cloned region of pcDNA3.1-AY. The cloned region of pGEM-T-AY was sequenced to be identical with cDNA sequence of the AY358935 gene. M14 cells were transfected by the AY358935 gene, pcDNA3.1 and liposomes, respectively. After 48 h, expression of the AY358935 protein in M14 cells transfected with the AY358935 gene was significantly higher than other two groups. They also had a significantly higher absorbance value (A=0.74) than other two groups (A=0.39 and 0.46, respectively; P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>An eukaryotic expression plasmid of the AY358935 gene was successfully constructed. Product of the AY358935 gene may promote the proliferation of M14 cells.</p>

Chlorogenic acid inhibits non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of low density lipoprotein / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE@#: To investigate the effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL).@*METHODS@#: The non-enzymatic glycation incubation system of LDL-glucose was established. The contents of early glycation products (Amodori product) and intermediate products (dicarbonyl compound) were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and the content of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry. The LDL oxidation incubation system was established. The contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) and conjugated diene were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The tryptophan fluorescence quenching, and the content of lipofuscin, total fluorescence products, active aldehydes and malondialdehyde were determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry, and further verified by three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy.@*RESULTS@#: In the LDL glycation experiment, 150 μg/mL and 300 μg/mL CGA inhibited the formation of Amadori product, dicarbonyl compounds and AGEs. In the LDL oxidation experiment, 15 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL CGA inhibited the formation of TBARS effectively; 5 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL CGA inhibited tryptophan fluorescence quenching, and the formation of active aldehydes, malondialdehyde, total fluorescence products, lipofuscin and conjugated diolefine. And the three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy showed the same results.@*CONCLUSIONS@#: CGA can inhibit non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of LDL.

Effects of extreme environmental conditions on sensitivity and specificity of collodial gold immunochromatography products / 军事医学

Objective To assess the limit of detection(LOD),sensitivity and specificity of collodial gold immunochrom-atography(GICA)products purchased from two manufacturers under special environmental conditions.Methods The sensitivity and specificity of GICA made in InTec Products, INC.and Beijing WANTAI Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co., LTD.for detecting HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-Treponema pallidum(TP)serum samples were evaluated under different conditions(conventional facilities,simulated hot and humid environments and simulated low pressure and hypoxia environments)according to the protocol of kits.LOD was estimated by detecting the standard materials obtained from the National Center for Clinical Laboratory(NCCL)of China.Results LOD for syphilis improved from 2 NCU to 1 NCU using GICA from InTec Products in hot and humid environments.The extreme conditions did not influence the specificity of GICA from the two manufacturers in the course of detection of clinical samples,but the sensitivity of detection was affected.For InTec Products,the sensitivity of hepatitis B virus and syphilis detection was improved in hot and humid environments,but was reduced in low pressure and hypoxia environments.In addition,the sensitivity of hepatitis C virus detection by InTec Products decreased in hot and humid environments.As for WANTAI products,the sensitivity of hepatitis B virus detection was reduced under extreme conditions and that of hepatitis C virus was only influenced by hot and humid environments. Interestingly, extreme conditions had no impact on the sensitivity of syphilis.Conclusion LOD of InTec Products is better than that of the WANTAI products for detection of standard materials from blood-borne diseases.In the process of detecting clinical samples,the sensitivity of the two manufacturers′GICA is influenced by extreme conditions, with the specificity unchanged.Overall, WANTAI products are more stable than those of InTec, and are also less influenced by extreme conditions.

Down regulation of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 expression by RNA interference enhances radiosensitivity of colorectal carcinoma cell lines in vitro / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) expression on the radiosensitivity of colorectal carcinoma cell lines in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The vector of shRNA for RNA interference was constructed and then transfected into HCT116 cell line to steadily down-regulate the expression of MRP4. HCT116 cells were divided into 3 groups including the CON group(non-transfected), NC group (negative control virus was added), and KD group (RNAi target was added for transfection). To test the effectiveness of RNA interference, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to measure the expression pattern of MRP4 at both mRNA and protein levels, respectively. For the examination of the effect of RNA interference of MRP4 on the radiosensitivity, flow cytometry was used to calculate the rate of apoptotic cells 24 h after 4 Gy radiation. Proliferation of the cells was measured via MTT assay at different time points.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ShRNA plasmid was successfully constructed. Transfection of this constructed vector into HCT116 cell line caused steady silencing of MRP4 expression (HCT116-KD). MRP4 mRNA and protein expression were significantly down-regulated following RNA interference(P<0.05). Twenty-four hours after radiation, the apoptosis rate of KD cell line was (71.7±0.8)%, significantly higher than that in the CON group [(56.1±0.9)%] and NC group[(59.8±0.8)%](P<0.05). Fourty-eight hours and 72 hours after radiation, the proliferation was significantly inhibited in KD cells compared to the control groups(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Expression of MRP4 is closely related to radio-tolerance of colorectal carcinoma. Down-regulation of MRP4 expression by RNA interference enhances radiosensitivity of colorectal carcinoma cell lines in vitro. MRP4 may be an effective molecular marker for predicting the radiosensitivity of colorectal carcinoma.</p>

Synthesis of 2-hydroxyl-5-butyramidobenzoic acid and its effect on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the method for synthesis of 2-hydroxyl-5- butyramidobenzoic acid and test its effect on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>2-hydroxyl-5-butyramidobenzoic acid was synthesized from 5-aminosalicylic acid and butyric acid by amidation, esterification and hydrolization. The effect of 2-hydroxyl-5-butyramidobenzoic acid on acetic acid enema-induced colitis in rats was investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The structure of 2-hydroxyl-5-butyramidobenzoic acid was identified by IR and 1H-NMR. After treatment with acetic acid, the colon mucosal damage index (CMDI), fecal occult blood (OB) test, and activity of myelperoxidase (MPO) increased significantly in the rats as compared to the control levels. 2-hydroxyl-5- butyramidobenzoic acid obviously reduced the CMDI and OB, and reduced the level of MPO in the rats with colitis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The synthesis of 2-hydroxyl-5-butyramidobenzoic acid requires only mild conditions with simple procedures, and the synthesized 2-hydroxyl-5-butyramidobenzoic acid shows obvious therapeutic effects on mucosal damage of in rats with acetic acid-induced colitis.</p>